Phytochemical Compounds of Tropical Plants from Lampung as Antibacterial Agents against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus: A Literature Review
(1) Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro
(2) Institut Teknologi Sumatera
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
The growing crisis of antimicrobial resistance has intensified the search for new antibacterial agents, and the diverse tropical flora of Lampung offers a promising natural reservoir of bioactive compounds. This review synthesizes current evidence on plant and algal phytochemicals from Lampung that have been evaluated against two clinically important pathogens, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search conducted on 31 July 2025 using Harzing’s Publish or Perish and databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed identified 200 records. After screening and eligibility assessment, 20 studies published between 2015 and 2025 were included in the analysis. Most investigations employed disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration assays and consistently reported antibacterial activity, with stronger effects generally observed against S. aureus. The predominant classes of active compounds included flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and essential oils. Several species, such as Anredera cordifolia, Mangifera indica peels, Citrus aurantifolia, Syzygium polyanthum, and Cymbopogon nardus, emerged as notable candidates. The findings highlight opportunities for the development of phytopharmaceuticals and natural food preservatives, while key research gaps relate to the limited availability of in vivo data, lack of standardized extraction protocols, and insufficient exploration of molecular mechanisms. Overall, this review underscores the strategic value of Lampung’s biodiversity as a source of potential antibacterial agents effective against E. coli and S. aureus.
Keywords: Phytochemicals, Antibacterial activity, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus
Aureus, Lampung
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31327/jbse.v7i2.2617
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